Keywords Explanation

• We have two divisions of fluid compartment

1. Extracellular Fluid which comprises both

-intravascular volume which comprises blood plasma

- Interstitial space surrounds the cells and is also called as tissue fluid.

2. Intracellular Fluid

Fluid inside the cells

• Autonomic Nervous System

It is a part of the nervous system which controls consciousness and visceral function. It is divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic system. This affects heart rate, digestion, respiration rate, salivation, perspiration, pupilary reaction and urination.

• Epinephrine, Norepinephrine and dopamine

These are hormones secreted from the adrenal medulla and are hormones secreted in time of emergency. It centralises blood flow to vital organs and restricts to other areas such as digestion.

• Carotid sinus

The carotid sinus contains numerous baroreceptors, which function as area perceiving information about the arterial pressure and maintains it. It is present in the dilation of internal carotid artery.

Diastolic dysfunction:

It is abnormality in the heart (left ventricle) filling. In this phase the heart is not contracting but relaxing. When the heart is enlarged then there is possibility for the heart to relax and the filling is impaired.

Tachycardia:

This is increase in heart rate than the normal resting heart rate due to various reasons. It could be sinus tachycardia, ventricular tachycardia or supraventricular tachycardia.

Angioedema:

It is swelling of the dermis(layer of skin), subcutaneous tissue, mucous and submucous tissue.

Heart Failure:

Impairment in the structure or function of heart that results in inability of the heart to supply the necessary amount of blood flow to the body.

Bilirubin:

It is a break down product of haemoglobin. It forms biliverdin which is converted to bilirubin and transported from spleen to liver. When it arrives to the liver it is unconjugated bilirubin but when it attaches itself with UDP glucuronosyltransferase it becomes conjugated bilirubin.

Sphincter of oddi:

It is a valve that control the flow of bile and pancreatic juice through the ampulla of vater(joining point of pancreatic duct & common bile duct) to the second part of duodenum.